The Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, once known as the Transvaal Museum, stands on Paul Kruger Street in Pretoria. It is positioned between Visagie and Minnaar Streets, facing the Pretoria City Hall. Founded in 1895 by the South African Republic, it joined other museums to form Ditsong Museums of South Africa in 2010.

The museum holds extensive collections, featuring Plio-Pleistocene fossils from sites like Sterkfontein and Swartkrans within the Cradle of Humankind. It also showcases therapsid specimens from the Karoo region and has a complete skull of Australopithecus africanus known as Mrs Ples on display. Additionally, it houses comprehensive collections of mammals, birds, reptiles, and invertebrates.

Initially established as the Staatsmuseum by the ZAR in 1892 with J. W. B. Gunning as its first director, it initially operated from the Ou Raadsaal parliament building for two years before moving to its current location. In 1999, it merged with other cultural and military history museums to become part of the Northern Flagship Institution, which was later renamed Ditsong Museums of South Africa.